Preliminary Data on Geochemical Characteristics of Major and Trace Elements in Typical Biominerals: From the Perspective of Human Kidney Stones

The chemical composition of biominerals is essential for understanding biomineral formation and regarded as an attractive subject in bio-mineralogical research on human kidney stones (urinary calculi). In order to obtain more geochemically interpreted data biogenic minerals, mineralogical compositions major trace element concentrations sixty-six stone samples derived from removal surgeries were measured. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) dihydrate (COD) the two main mineral components stones. Geochemical indicated present following order: Ca > Mg Na K Zn Fe Pb Ba Cu Ti Mo Cd Cr. With exception Ca, was second-most abundant element. exhibited higher relative other elements, which suggests a potential substitution by metal ions with similar charge radius rather than metals formation. appeared significantly previous studies, indicates enrichment environment. discern multi-element relationships within stones, principal component analysis applied. Three (PCs, eigenvalues >1) extracted explain 64.4% total variance. first positively correlated Na-Zn-Cr-Mo-Cd-Pb, while second weighted Mg-K-Ba-Ti. Fe-Cu demonstrated positive correlation third component. This study exhibits preference uptake oxalates during urinary crystallization, alkali alkaline earth precipitate phosphate.